Very good article.

China can exploit the loopholes and weaknesses in the export control regimes of the US and other Western countries to obtain sensitive items that are not supposed to be sold or transferred to China. For example, China has used front companies, intermediaries, joint ventures, and cyber espionage to circumvent the restrictions and sanctions imposed by the US and its allies on certain technologies and products. China has also taken advantage of the lack of coordination and harmonization among the export control systems of different countries to shop around for the best deals and avoid detection.