Shadows of Power: Unveiling the Government-Linked Militias Terrorizing Chad
The situation in Chad regarding militias is complex and has historical roots that intertwine with the country’s political landscape. The presence of militias in Chad, particularly those of unknown origin but suspected to be linked to governmental forces, has been a source of concern and instability for the population.
Background of Militias in Chad Militias in Chad have been a part of the country’s fabric for decades, often emerging from ethnic or regional conflicts. One such group is the Janjaweed, a Sudanese Arab militia that has operated in Sudan and eastern Chad. Their activities have been linked to significant violence and terror among the civilian population.
Transitional Government and Militia Allegations Chad’s political landscape has been in a state of flux since the death of President Idriss Déby in April 2021. The transitional period, led by his son, Mahamat Idriss Déby, who heads the Transitional Military Council (TMC), has seen attempts to stabilize the nation and move towards civilian rule. However, the path has been fraught with challenges.
The TMC promised to hold free, fair, and credible elections by October 2022, but this did not materialize, leading to an extension of the transition period for up to 24 months. This extension was decided during a national dialogue, which was boycotted by some opposition parties and civil society organizations, casting doubts on its inclusivity.
A significant development was the peace accord signed in Doha, Qatar, in August 2022, between the transitional military council and over 40 rebel groups. This agreement aimed to end long-standing conflicts and initiate a broader national dialogue. Despite this, several armed factions, including the Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT), rejected the deal, citing unmet demands, which has led to concerns about the reemergence of armed groups in the north and the potential for renewed hostilities.
The situation is further complicated by reports of human rights abuses and the use of excessive force by security forces against demonstrators, undermining the TMC’s commitment to a peaceful transition. The international community, including the United Nations and the African Union, has urged Chad’s junta and opposition to capitalize on the Doha agreement to stabilize the country, which plays a crucial role in countering extremism in the Sahel region.
The upcoming constitutional referendum, scheduled for December 17, 2023, is seen as a critical test for Chad’s political transition. It is expected to pave the way for Mahamat Déby to run for president in the 2024 national elections and adjust Chad’s governance system. The referendum’s outcome, citizens’ participation, and the government’s actions during and after the vote will be pivotal in determining the country’s future trajectory.
Despite these efforts, the reemergence of armed groups and persistent rumors of coups and intra-elite tensions highlight the fragility of Chad’s political environment. The potential involvement of government-linked militias in destabilizing actions remains a concern, as it could undermine the progress made towards peace and stability.
