Rising Shadows: The Resurgence of ISKP and the New Frontiers of Global Terrorism
In recent years, the Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP), a branch of the Islamic State (IS), has emerged as a significant threat in Afghanistan and beyond. Since the Taliban took control of Afghanistan in 2021, concerns have been raised about the resurgence of Islamist terrorist groups in the region, especially the ISKP. This group, originally seen as a Pakistani-dominated network, has increasingly focused its operations in Afghanistan, shifting from controlling territory to conducting urban warfare. Its primary targets have included the Afghan government, the Taliban regime, and minority communities, particularly the Shia Hazara group.
ISKP’s reach extends beyond Afghanistan and Pakistan into what is termed its “periphery” territory, which includes countries like India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, the Maldives, and Sri Lanka. Despite facing challenges in these areas due to competition with other militant groups and counterterrorism efforts, the threat posed by ISKP in South Asia is growing. The group has demonstrated its intent and capability to conduct attacks outside Afghanistan, as seen in the recent bombings in Iran that resulted in over 100 fatalities. These actions indicate the group’s regional ambitions and its potential to carry out spectacular attacks outside its core area of operation.
Furthermore, the United States and its Western allies have been warned of the increasing threat posed by ISKP. The group has already targeted Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and its propaganda frequently threatens Russia, China, and Pakistan. The U.S. has shifted its focus from global terrorism to competing with nation-state adversaries like Russia and China, which might lead to underestimating the threat posed by ISKP. There is concern that with reduced resources and attention, Western intelligence services might be challenged in effectively countering this growing threat.
Iran, in particular, has been a target of IS attacks due to its role in fighting IS elements in Iraq and Syria alongside Shia militias and the Assad regime. Iran has undertaken various efforts to combat IS within its borders, including arresting and neutralizing IS cells and operatives. However, recent IS attacks in Iran underscore the group’s continued capability and intent to strike within the country.
In summary, the Islamic State Khorasan Province has become a complex and evolving threat in the region. Its expanding reach and ability to conduct attacks in countries outside its core territory have raised concerns about its potential impact on regional stability and global security. The international community, including the United States and regional actors, faces the challenge of addressing this multifaceted threat while balancing other geopolitical priorities.
