360-Degree Vigilance: The AN/AAQ-37 EODAS and the Future of Aerial Combat Awareness

The AN/AAQ-37 Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System (EODAS) represents a significant leap in sensor technology, particularly for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, a 5th generation combat aircraft. This system is a cornerstone of the F-35’s advanced sensor suite, providing critical information and situational awareness to pilots. Let’s delve into the details, examples, and use cases of this innovative system.

Overview of AN/AAQ-37 EODAS

The EODAS is a state-of-the-art sensor system that includes six high-resolution infrared sensors distributed around the F-35’s airframe. These sensors work in unison to create a seamless and unobstructed spherical coverage around the aircraft, effectively giving pilots a 360-degree view of their surroundings without the need for manual input or aiming.

Core Functions of EODAS

EODAS performs three primary functions simultaneously in every direction:

1. Missile Detection and Tracking: It can detect and track missiles, including identifying their launch points, which is crucial for countermeasure cueing.
2. Aircraft Detection and Tracking: The system provides unparalleled situational awareness by detecting and tracking other aircraft, aiding in both IRST (Infrared Search and Track) and air-to-air missile cueing.
3. Imagery for Cockpit Displays and Pilot Night Vision: High-resolution imagery is relayed directly to the pilot’s helmet-mounted display, enhancing night vision and overall visibility.

Examples and Use Cases

• Military Exercises: In 2011, during military operational exercises, the EODAS demonstrated its capability to detect and track ballistic missiles over 800 miles away, as well as multiple small suborbital rockets in flight.
• Night Vision Enhancement: Although the initial sensors had limitations in night acuity, they have been augmented with an embedded NVG camera to ensure pilots accustomed to NVGs have sufficient visibility.
• Non-F-35 Applications: While tracking tank gun firing is not a requirement for the F-35, the DAS test system has shown potential for broader applications beyond its initial design.

Production and Development

Initially designed and produced by Northrop Grumman, the EODAS has been under Raytheon’s production since 2018. This transition came after Northrop Grumman chose not to participate in a subsequent competition, leading to Raytheon’s continued development and enhancement of the system.

Conclusion

The AN/AAQ-37 EODAS is more than just a sensor; it’s an integral part of the F-35’s combat capabilities, providing a technological edge that enhances the survivability and effectiveness of pilots in various operational scenarios. As sensor technology continues to evolve, systems like EODAS will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of aerial combat and defense strategies. The ongoing improvements and adaptations of EODAS ensure that it remains at the forefront of military aviation technology.